1973 - when I started asking questions, like, "Why are we all dressed so funny?"
Showing posts with label Ideology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ideology. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 08, 2018

Of Nazis and Grace - Adam's Apples, Part I (2005)


Of Nazis and Grace – Adam's Apples

Danish director Anders Thomas Jensen's Adam's Apples probably could not have succeeded with admittedly talented directors such as Quentin Tarantino and the Coen brothers (even though Jensen seems at times to be channeling their respective muses). 

Adam Pedersen (Ulrich Thomsen) is a neo-Nazi released from prison to a Lutheran parish serving both as a small community of faith and halfway house. His tattoos, demeanor, and especially his framed picture of Adolf Hitler demonstrate to the world that this “egg-head” (the derisive term applied to him by the gas station-robbing-Saudi, Khalid) has no use for Jesus, Jews or Muslims. Adam wants to finish his sentence with as little bother as possible so he can get back to the various sorts of business that European skinheads presumably attend to.

Fate or God or the Devil intervene with Adam's simple plan and he soon finds himself on a kind of quest to destroy the faith of the ultra-optimistic pastor, Ivan (Mads Mikkelsen). For Ivan, the glass is not merely half-full, but brimming over. Every difficulty and misfortune is shown in an impossibly positive light: the drunken Gunnar (Nicolas Bro) is “a reformed alcoholic,” Khalid no longer robs gas stations although he still does, and Ivan's son who is bound to a wheel-chair with palsy is constantly active and playing in the yard. Adam sees this obvious disconnect between what Ivan sees and what really exists and it enrages him.

There is a subtle irony here as the Nazis were famous (or infamous) for their inability to see the humanity of their victims even when face-to-face with them or as their remains fell like snow from the crematoria.

Nevertheless, Adam makes it his mission to destroy Ivan. The method seems to be suggested by the Devil who is off-stage throughout the film but quite active. The method is one familiar to readers of the New Testament: Adam will use the, word of God to tempt Ivan to give up his faith. On several occassions the Bible which Ivan has given Adam falls open to the Book of Job. Adam finally takes Lucifer's none too subtle suggestion to read Job and from this Old Testament tale of loss and temptation Adam cobbles a plan to bring down Ivan. 

The plan is startlingly simple: to convince Ivan that all of his misfortunes are the fault not of the Devil but of God Himself “who hates you.” Adams relentlessness finally breaks Adam who begins bleeding from his ears and falls into a coma. If only to avoid a charge of homicide, Adam takes Ivan to the local medical clinic. Ivan recovers from the physical trauma but the spiritual damage is infinitely great: Ivan has completely lost his faith in God and suddenly has no use for the image of God either. And he has a meddlesome brain tumor to contend with, which is on the verge of killing him.

Ivan's change is so radical that it deeply disturbs Adam. He sees that Gunnar and Khalid – whom he has no use for according to the tenets of Nazism for one is a useless drunkard and complete moral degenerate, and the other a subhuman “Paki” Muslim – are distraught and disoriented. His plan has worked too well: he sought to teach Ivan a lesson but suddenly Adam finds his own world is being destroyed as well. Ivan's faith was not reasonable but it was the bedrock of a community of misfits. A community in which Adam too was accepted and loved.

Deciding that he might as well bake the cake that was his community service project, Adam heads to the scorched apple tree that was struck by lightning. He and Khalid attempt to salvage enough apples for a modest pie. Just then Adam's old pals arrive and unleash a train of insults at Adam and question why he would be in the presence of a “sand nigger.” Khalid, who we learned earlier in the film is a decent marksman has no patience with this racists and the gang leaves wounded and angry and humiliated. Later Ivan confronts the same group of neo-Nazis who are causing a ruckus. He says he doesn't care who they kill as long as they give him peace and quiet. In a struggle for one of the Nazi's pistols, Ivan takes a bullet through the eye.

As a result, Ivan does not die but the pistol round instead removes the tumor completely. They don't ALL live happily ever after: the cynical Doctor Kohlberg (who egged-on the egghead Adam to mock Ivan's faith) finds himself leaving his practice at the hospital. He raves:

I am a man of science, I believe in numbers and charts. Goddamnit, I wanna go someplace, where people die when they are sick, and don't sit in the yard eating cowboy toast when they have been shot through the head.

This is not film that helps one understand the relationship between faith and reason, but it does illustrate that God can take our worst intentions and motives, and transform them into something beautiful. If this Adam can become a new Adam, why not us?

Sunday, August 28, 2016

I'm a Simpleton. Are You a Simpleton?

Image result for simpleton

In Walter Miller's tale, A Canticle for Leibowitz, there is a "great simplification" unleashed after a nuclear holocaust akin to Pol Pot's attack on the learned in Cambodia but world-wide in scope.

As I set sail for the year 1493 (that would be Chapter 2 in Loewen's Lies My Teacher Told Me), I feared I was headed for one of Miller's (in)famous Simple Towns where learning has stopped and simple explanations reign. In this I was disappointed that this was the case, but not surprised.

What was surprising was reading Loewen's unconscious mimicking of a the worst approaches to any subject: simplification to the point of distortion. One would think that Loewen would be astute enough to remove the lumber from his own self before railing against the textbooks but it was not to be.

The big question for people like Loewen who congratulate themselves for happening to have been born after the unenlightened hoardes who proceeded them is along these lines: So, are you suggesting that it would be better that you did not exist? According to your narrative, the world would have been better off if Columbus never set sail and history did not unfold as it did. Had it not, I dare say that none of us would be here opining about the crimes of others that we distance ourselves from.

Loewen would prefer a world where the weak are not trampled on by the strong and that is understandable, but that world does not exist. That does not mean sugar-coating the sins of our fathers, but it does mean recognizing that every group of people have done evil. Do you think the Aztecs would have shied away from slaughtering the Spaniards if they had the means to do so? Does a group of people achieve sinless status simply because they get exploited?

C'mon, virtue does follow simple because one has been victimized. Yes, high school history textbooks over-simplify and are vapid, but great books are not created by simply inverting the historical narrative.

Wednesday, February 10, 2016

Loewen's LIES


Name Calling Saves Time 

I really thought I could systematically trudge through Jimmie Loewen's Lies My Teacher Told Me for the greater good of humanity and history as it is taught in our high schools, but I just couldn't do it. I felt like I was faced with one of those Jack Chick tracts. Oh, unfamiliar, well, then see below:


Where does one begin? Jack or Jimmie, one is at a loss. "Holy Faulty Premises!" the Boy Wonder never said. Chick has the advantage of having MORE salacious images which is not exactly a compliment, but Chick is more fun.

In any event, the best I can do for now is to point out the following.

Loewen's Lack of Curiosity 

What seems to be missing from the chapter "1493" (and perhaps other chapters but my gag reflex prevented further exploration), is his disinterest in the transformation from slavery as "acceptable" to an "abominable" practice. How did we get here from there? At one point Loewen points out that "everyone was doing it" so to speak so Columbus and friends were not heinous when judged by the mores of their time, but this is one sentence after a catalog of cherry-picked quotations and sources that lead inexorably to the conclusion that most every Spaniard was guilty of malice aforethought and were gleefully committed to rape, pillage and destruction. 

And naturally this was in no small part attributable to their "pious orthodox Catholic" views. Eek! 

When he's not trashing Catholic Christianity, Loewen bleats "racism" to a degree that is reminscient of Orwell's Animal Farm: "White guys bad, brown guys gooood!" 

One reviewer noted that it wasn't worthwhile to catalog all of Loewen's errors and I must concur. Some authors aren't worth refuting. This is one of them. 

Saturday, January 30, 2016

Over-correcting Does Not Set the Record Straight

Trust Me...

Well, I really enjoyed the Introduction to James W. Loewen's Lies My Teacher Told Me but it has failed to enlighten much after a pretty stellar beginning. In the first chapter (Handicapped by History: The Process of Hero-making) it becomes clear that Loewen is one of those authors who has this super-mystical ability to see through everyone and everything to see the "true" motives and either discover the manifold darkness that lurks in the hearts of men (especially of the dead white dude variety) or that kids aren't being mean (i.e., just being kids) when they mock but are really enlightened critics of traditional pieties: 
Students poke fun at the goody-goodiest of them all by passing by passing on Helen Keller jokes. In so doing, schoolchildren are not poking cruel fun at a disabled person, they are deflating a pretentious symbol that is too good to be real (36). 
Concerning the authors prioritization of ideology over truthfulness, I should have been tipped-off by the "lies" in the title. Errors or even omissions or mistakes would suggest a possibility of goodwill in one's adversaries, whereas lies ensures that one's opponents are not merely sloppy or mistaken or naive, but wicked, wicked, bad people. 

We'll see if Loewen suffers from selective outrage. I suspect that while he speaks in glowing terms about Helen Keller's socialism, he'll have little praise for Elizabeth Cady Stanton's opposition to abortion. 

Saturday, January 09, 2016

Two Twilight Zone Episodes for the Cold War

It doesn't get much colder than this ... 



When I was teaching middle school Religion I would show a Twilight Zone episode every three weeks or so. To my surprise and delight I found that students just loved these old school shows in black and white with an accessible but often "subversive" undercurrent or message. On more than one occasion, the story-line was so complex or just plain fascinating that we were able to have great Socratic seminars on an episode ("Number 12 Looks Just Like You" generated some great discussion - especially with the girls).

Here are two episodes that my former students loved and I will use again in teaching, say, World History when it comes to the Second World War and after.


The Mirror 
In "The Mirror," Peter Falk is great as a Castro-like revolutionary who seizes power in a former Spanish colony. To ensure the purity of the Revolution and his own safety and maintenance of power, Ramos Clemente orders the executions of hundreds of people. Typical of the type, right? Yes, but the twist is that the former dictator of the country, one General de Cruz, "gifts" Clemente a mirror telling him that it will allow him to see his enemies. The mirror turns out to convince Clemente that all of his trusted Comrades who fought by his side in the glorious revolution are his real enemies. Thus a great slaughter is unleashed.


The Obsolete Man 
From an authoritarian personality we move to a totalitarian system. "The Obsolete Man" concerns a man deemed "obsolete" by the state: his "function" was librarian, but since books no longer exist, he has no purpose and he is scheduled for termination. Some great dialogue and a defense of human dignity. Great plot twist as one expects from Serling.

It gets to the heart of totalitarian paradox: when one surrenders his humanity to the System for safety's sake (or ideological conviction), that very System becomes homicidal, fratricidal and eventually self-imploding (an eventuality that Orwell didn't see but History did -- see the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 or 1989). Or, from the Old Testament: Moloch consumes its own children.

Sample Questions for each episode (the episode was viewed after spending time with a reading that had a similar theme or issue, so the questions are not solely related to the episode).

Questions for "The Mirror"

“The Mirror” (The Twilight Zone) & C.S. Lewis’ “The Fall of Man”

Introduction. In Lewis’ “The Fall of Man,” we are told that God chose not to stop Adam and Eve from sinning nor did He let the first sin (original sin) have no consequences. Instead, God chose to let sin and evil exist and to slowly help us to overcome sin. One thing sin helps us to realize is that our actions are important – they have consequences for good or evil.

In this Twilight Zone episode, we meet a man, Ramos Clemente, who has overthrown an evil dictator, General de Cruz. Will Clemente create peace and freedom for the people or will be no different than General de Cruz? Let's take a look in the mirror.

Directions. Watch the episode and answer the questions.

  1. How can a screaming mob make a man drunk?
  2. Is rebellion enough to make someone free?
  3. What do the people want for General de Cruz?
  1. Does Clemente (whose name in Spanish means “gracious” or “merciful”!) want justice for the general? If not, what does Clemente want? If so, what kind of justice does he seek [hint: look at the C.S. Lewis handout...]?
  2. The deposed general [removed from the presidency of his country] tells Clemente and his comrades that “You are me … we are all the same breed.” What does he mean? Is it true?
  3. General de Cruz tells Clemente that he gives him the gift of __________. Is it a gift or a curse?
  4. Why does Clemente trust what he sees in the mirror? Would you trust the mirror?
  5. Speaking of the death of his friends (whom he killed!), Clemente admits he felt nothing in killing them. Why does he feel nothing?
  6. Is it true that when a man has power (lots and lots of power), he has no friends? Why would anyone then want power?
  7. Fr. Tomas tells Clemente that all tyrants have one true enemy. Who is Clemente's real enemy?

Questions for "The Obsolete Man"

“The Obsolete Man” (The Twilight Zone, Season 2)
The Judgment of Men versus the Judgment of God


Vocabulary:
Edict: an official order. Obsolete: out of date; old and no longer needed; replaced by something else. Assassin: a killer who kills someone for political or religious reasons. Anachronism: something that belongs to one time period but not another; for example, a picture of Jesus with an ipod. Liquidation: a way of saying to kill some without saying it directly. Vengeance: punishing someone for what they’ve done


Introduction:
That night the Lord commanded Gideon, “Get up and attack the camp; I am giving you victory over it. But if you are afraid to attack, go down to the camp with your servant Purah. You will hear what they are saying, and then you will have the courage to attack.” So Gideon and his servant Purah went down to the edge of the enemy camp. The Midianites, the Amalekites, and the desert tribesmen were spread out in the valley like a swarm of locusts, and they had as many camels as there are grains of sand on the seashore.


When Gideon arrived, he heard a man telling a friend about a dream. He was saying, “I dreamed that a loaf of barley bread rolled into our camp and hit a tent. The tent collapsed and lay flat on the ground.”
His friend replied, “It's the sword of the Israelite, Gideon son of Joash! It can't mean anything else! God has given him victory over Midian and our whole army!”
When Gideon heard about the man's dream and what it meant, he fell to his knees and worshiped the Lord. Then he went back to the Israelite camp and said, “Get up! The Lord is giving you victory over the Midianite army!”
- from Judges 7



In this Twilight Zone episode, we meet Mr. Romney Wordsworth, a man who does something that is not considered “useful”: he is a librarian. He is on trial for his very life. He is being judged by his country, but countries too are judged by God.

Directions. Watch the episode and answer the questions.

  1. What is Mr. Wordsworth’s profession?
  2. Can a person become “obsolete”?
  3. What does Mr. Wordsworth say about what happens to his ideas after he's dead?
  4. What does the “jury” decide about Romney Wordsworth?
  5. Why does Mr. Wordsworth lock the door?
  6. What does the Chancellor say the problem was with Hitler and Stalin?
  7. Has the Chancellor underestimated Mr. Wordsworth?
  8. How does Mr. Wordsworth spend his time while before midnight?
  9. How does the Chancellor spend his time?
  10. In whose name does Wordsworth let the Chancellor out?
  11. How do things end for the Chancellor?
  12. What is one of the lessons of this episode?
  13. THEME: Happiness. Compare and contrast how God versus this future State care about human happiness...
  14. THEME: Human Weakness. Compare and contrast how God versus this future State treat human weakness...
  15. Do you think the future shown in this episode is likely to happen?